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๐Ÿงช Chemistry

Acids, Bases & pH

pH scale from 0โ€“14 measures acidity; vital for chemistry, biology, medicine and everyday life

Denmark ๐ŸŒ 1909 Chemistry

Key Facts

  1. 1

    pH scale: 0 (strong acid) โ†’ 7 (neutral) โ†’ 14 (strong alkali); each unit is 10ร— change in [Hโบ]

  2. 2

    Acids donate Hโบ ions (HCl, Hโ‚‚SOโ‚„, vinegar pH 3); bases accept Hโบ (NaOH, ammonia, blood pH 7.4)

  3. 3

    Neutralisation: acid + base โ†’ salt + water; e.g. HCl + NaOH โ†’ NaCl + Hโ‚‚O

๐Ÿ”ฌ Did you know? Human blood must be kept between pH 7.35โ€“7.45; a drop below 7.0 (acidosis) or above 7.8 (alkalosis) can be fatal

Quick Reference

Category

Chemistry

Country

๐ŸŒ Denmark

Year / Era

1909

About

pH scale from 0โ€“14 measures acidity